![]() ![]() For example, cardiac hypertrophy occurs secondary to hypertension and hemodynamic overload, which eventually results in heart failure when myocyte enlargement is unable to compensate for increased cardiac burden 1. The initial result may be adaptive to overcome stress, however the end result is maladaptive when compensatory mechanisms fail. Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs that utilize AET after infarction improve LV performance and reduce mortality by 20-26 ( O’Connor et al. AET training reduces MI-related mortality, regardless of whether training occurs before or after the infarct occurs ( Thompson 2003 ). ![]() ![]() Pathological hypertrophy occurs due to stimulation secondary to a pathological mechanism. Effects of exercise on hypertrophy and function. Atrophy is actually a part of our natural, homeostatic development. However, atrophy is not exclusively a pathologic state. This process if often gradual and chronic, if not permanent. On a larger scale, atrophy can see a reduction in the size and function of a muscle or limb. Physiological hypertrophy can also be seen secondary to growth factors in the gravid uterus, which enlarges to accommodate a growing fetus 1. Atrophy is a term that describes the wasting away of cell tissue. For example, increased use of skeletal muscle results in hypertrophy. Physiological hypertrophy occurs due to increased utility of an organ or stimulation by growth factors and hormones. Pressure overload, such as hypertension, to the heart causes pathological cardiac hypertrophy, whereas chronic exercise causes physiological cardiac. Hypertrophy can be physiological or pathological. This is in contrast to hyperplasia, which is an increase in the number of cells, although both processes frequently co-occur. Hypertrophy is a term describing an increase in the size of cells. It occurs due to an increase in synthesis of intracellular proteins and other cellular components, often in response to an invoking stimulus/stress, which will result in an increase in the size of an organ. ![]()
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